Satellites can be useful for several monitoring tasks. Ocean colour spectre can be used to identify and estimate the amount of phytoplankton in the skin (~1 m) layer. Several climate variables can be monitored (e.g. ice cover, cloud cover, heat radiation, sea surface temperature). Marine mammals, polar bears and seabirds can be traced with attached transmitters.

Aircraft surveys can also be used fo...

Databases are “platforms” of high use and importance in the further work and analyses of the data. Many databases exist, but few are linked. Most databases are often hard to access without a high level of expertise. However, work is ongoing in this field, both toward higher accessibility and to better linkage among the databases.

Of special interest can be mentioned the newly developed hydrographic...